Sport climbing involves leading up a route with pre-placed bolts for protection, where the climber clips the rope through quickdraws attached to these bolts. It requires the climber to lead climb and manage the risk of falls. Top rope climbing, on the other hand, involves climbing with the rope already anchored at the top of the route. The climber is belayed from below, and the risk of falling is significantly reduced. Top rope is often recommended for beginners.

For top rope climbing, basic skills include proper use of climbing gear, belaying techniques, and basic climbing movements. For sport climbing, you need additional skills like lead climbing, clipping techniques, managing rope slack, and how to properly fall. All require physical fitness, balance, and problem-solving skills.

For both sport and top rope climbing, you need a climbing harness, climbing shoes, a helmet, and a belay device. Sport climbing also requires quickdraws to clip into bolts and a dynamic climbing rope. For top rope climbing, the rope is typically provided at climbing gyms or pre-set outdoors by an instructor.

Safety is paramount in both climbing styles. Always check your gear before climbing, understand and practice proper belaying techniques, and communicate clearly with your belaying partner. For sport climbing, learn how to properly clip into bolts and assess the safety of bolts and anchors. For top rope, ensure the anchor is solid and the rope runs correctly through it.

Start by mastering top rope climbing, focusing on your technique and building strength and confidence. Take a lead climbing course to learn sport climbing basics, including lead belaying and clipping. Practice in a controlled environment like a climbing gym before moving to outdoor sport routes. Gradually increase the difficulty of climbs as you gain experience and consider hiring a guide to help train you through your growth from top rope climbing to lead / sport climbing.